Empress Saimei was the 36th emperor of Japan, reigning from 655 to 661 AD. She was the first woman to hold the title of empress in her own right, following the death of her husband, Emperor Jomei. Her reign is noted for its efforts to strengthen the central government and promote Buddhism. During her time, Saimei focused on diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, particularly Silla in Korea. She also supported the development of the Taika Reforms, which aimed to modernize Japan's political structure. Her reign ended with her death in 661, after which she was succeeded by her son, Emperor Tenji.