Empirical probability is a type of probability that is based on observed data rather than theoretical calculations. It is determined by conducting experiments or collecting data from real-world events. For example, if you flip a coin 100 times and it lands on heads 55 times, the empirical probability of getting heads is 55 out of 100, or 0.55. This approach is useful in situations where theoretical probabilities are difficult to calculate. Empirical probability can help in fields like statistics, sports, and science, where real-life outcomes provide valuable insights into the likelihood of future events.