Emperor Shōmu was the 45th emperor of Japan, reigning from 724 to 749 AD during the Nara period. He is known for promoting Buddhism and establishing it as a state religion, which led to the construction of significant temples, including Tōdai-ji, where the Great Buddha statue resides. Shōmu's reign was marked by efforts to centralize government and improve infrastructure. He implemented land reforms and promoted agricultural development to support the growing population. His policies aimed to strengthen the imperial authority and enhance the welfare of his subjects, leaving a lasting impact on Japanese history.