An emergency landing occurs when an aircraft must land unexpectedly due to a serious issue, such as mechanical failure, medical emergencies, or severe weather. Pilots are trained to handle these situations and prioritize the safety of passengers and crew. They may divert to the nearest airport or use a designated emergency landing site. During an emergency landing, communication with air traffic control is crucial. The crew informs them of the situation and receives guidance on the best approach. Air traffic controllers assist by providing information about the runway conditions and any potential hazards, ensuring a safe landing.