Elliptic Curve Factorization is a mathematical method used to find the prime factors of large integers. It leverages the properties of elliptic curves, which are smooth, curved shapes defined by specific equations. This technique is particularly effective for numbers with small factors, making it a useful tool in number theory and cryptography. The process involves selecting an elliptic curve and a point on it, then using these to generate a sequence of points. By analyzing these points, one can identify factors of the target number. This method is more efficient than traditional factorization techniques for certain types of numbers.