The Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) is a mathematical challenge that involves elliptic curves, which are special types of curves defined by equations. In this problem, given a point P on an elliptic curve and another point Q that is a multiple of P, the goal is to find the integer k such that Q = kP. This task is computationally difficult, making it useful for cryptographic applications. ECDLP is foundational in modern cryptography, particularly in systems like Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The security of these systems relies on the assumption that solving the ECDLP is infeasible for large numbers, providing a robust method for secure communication.