Electronic properties refer to the behavior of materials in response to electric fields and currents. These properties determine how well a material can conduct electricity, store charge, or insulate against electrical flow. Key factors include conductivity, resistivity, and the presence of free electrons, which play a crucial role in the movement of electric charge. Different materials exhibit varying electronic properties. For instance, metals like copper and silver are excellent conductors due to their high density of free electrons, while materials like rubber and glass are insulators, preventing the flow of electricity. Semiconductors, such as silicon, have intermediate properties and are essential in electronic devices.