The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) was enacted in 1986 to protect the privacy of electronic communications. It sets rules for how government agencies can access private messages, such as emails and phone calls, ensuring that individuals have some level of privacy in their digital communications. The ECPA covers various forms of communication, including stored electronic data and real-time transmissions. The ECPA is divided into three main parts: the Wiretap Act, which regulates the interception of live communications; the Stored Communications Act, which governs access to stored electronic data; and the Pen Register Act, which deals with tracking information. Together, these components aim to balance privacy rights with law enforcement needs.