Electromechanical transducers are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa. They play a crucial role in various applications, such as sensors and actuators. For example, a microphone converts sound waves (mechanical energy) into electrical signals, while a speaker does the opposite by turning electrical signals back into sound. These transducers operate based on principles of electromagnetism and piezoelectricity. Common types include piezoelectric transducers, which generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress, and electromagnetic transducers, which use magnetic fields to produce motion. Their versatility makes them essential in modern technology.