Electrochemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species, leading to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. These reactions typically occur in electrochemical cells, which consist of two electrodes—an anode and a cathode—immersed in an electrolyte solution. At the anode, oxidation occurs, while reduction takes place at the cathode. These reactions are fundamental to various applications, including batteries, fuel cells, and electrolysis. For instance, in a battery, chemical reactions generate electricity to power devices, while in fuel cells, hydrogen and oxygen react to produce electricity, water, and heat.