Electrical isolation refers to the practice of separating electrical circuits to prevent unwanted current flow between them. This is crucial for safety, as it helps protect people and equipment from electrical shocks and short circuits. Isolation can be achieved using various methods, such as transformers, capacitors, or opto-isolators, which allow signals to pass while keeping circuits electrically separate. In many applications, such as in medical devices or industrial machinery, electrical isolation is essential to ensure reliable operation and to minimize interference. By isolating different parts of a system, engineers can enhance performance and reduce the risk of damage caused by electrical faults or surges.