Electrical components are the building blocks of electronic circuits, enabling the flow of electricity and the functioning of devices. They can be categorized into active components, like transistors and diodes, which control the flow of current, and passive components, such as resistors and capacitors, which do not generate energy but can store or dissipate it. Understanding electrical components is essential for designing and troubleshooting electronic systems. Each component has specific functions and characteristics that affect how circuits operate. For instance, capacitors can smooth out voltage fluctuations, while resistors limit current flow, making them crucial for circuit stability.