Electrical characterization is the process of measuring and analyzing the electrical properties of materials, devices, or systems. This includes assessing parameters such as resistance, capacitance, inductance, and current flow. These measurements help in understanding how a material or device behaves under different electrical conditions. The results of electrical characterization are crucial for designing and optimizing electronic components, such as transistors, capacitors, and resistors. By knowing the electrical characteristics, engineers can predict performance, ensure reliability, and improve the efficiency of electronic systems in applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial machinery.