The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean, affecting global weather. It has three phases: El Niño, La Niña, and the neutral phase. During El Niño, warmer ocean waters can lead to increased rainfall in some regions and droughts in others, while La Niña brings cooler waters and often results in opposite weather patterns. ENSO influences weather events worldwide, impacting agriculture, fisheries, and water supply. Scientists monitor this phenomenon to predict changes in climate and prepare for potential impacts on ecosystems and human activities. Understanding ENSO is crucial for managing its effects on the environment and economies.