In 1905, known as Einstein's Annus Mirabilis or "Miracle Year," Albert Einstein published four groundbreaking papers that transformed modern physics. These papers addressed the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence, encapsulated in the famous equation E=mc². Each paper introduced revolutionary ideas that challenged existing scientific theories. The photoelectric effect paper, for instance, provided evidence for quantum theory, while the special relativity paper redefined concepts of space and time. Collectively, these works established Einstein as a leading figure in physics and laid the foundation for future scientific advancements.