Albert Einstein was a brilliant physicist known for developing the theory of relativity, which transformed our understanding of space, time, and gravity. His famous equation, E=mc², shows how energy and mass are interconnected, revealing the immense energy contained in even small amounts of matter. Born in Germany in 1879, Einstein faced challenges in his early education but eventually became a leading scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect, which helped establish the field of quantum mechanics. Einstein remains an iconic figure in science and popular culture.