The Eighth Dynasty of ancient Egypt is part of the First Intermediate Period, which followed the Old Kingdom. It is characterized by a series of short reigns, with many rulers having limited historical records. This dynasty is believed to have lasted from around 2160 to 2120 BCE, during a time of political instability and fragmentation in Egypt. The rulers of the Eighth Dynasty were primarily based in Memphis, and their reigns are often considered less significant compared to earlier dynasties. The lack of monumental architecture and extensive inscriptions indicates a decline in centralized power, leading to the eventual rise of the Ninth Dynasty and further developments in Egyptian history.