The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791. It prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment aims to ensure that punishments for crimes are fair and not overly harsh. The Eighth Amendment has been the basis for many important Supreme Court cases, addressing issues like the death penalty and prison conditions. It reflects the principle that justice should be humane and that individuals should not be subjected to inhumane treatment, regardless of their actions.