Egoism is a philosophical theory that prioritizes self-interest as the foundation of moral behavior. It suggests that individuals should act in ways that benefit themselves, as this ultimately leads to the best outcomes for society. This perspective contrasts with altruism, which emphasizes selfless concern for the well-being of others. There are different forms of egoism, including ethical egoism and psychological egoism. Ethical egoism argues that individuals ought to act in their own self-interest, while psychological egoism claims that people naturally act in ways that serve their own interests. Both forms raise questions about morality and the nature of human motivation.