Edwin M. Stanton was an American lawyer and politician who served as the Secretary of War under President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. Born on December 19, 1814, in Steubenville, Ohio, he played a crucial role in managing the Union's military efforts and was known for his strong leadership and organizational skills. After Lincoln's assassination in 1865, Stanton continued to serve under President Andrew Johnson. He was a key figure in the Reconstruction era, advocating for civil rights and the protection of freed slaves. Stanton's tenure ended in 1868 when he was dismissed by Johnson, leading to a significant political conflict.