The Civil War Era in the United States refers to the period from 1861 to 1865, marked by the conflict between the Northern states, known as the Union, and the Southern states, known as the Confederacy. The war primarily arose from tensions over issues such as slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. During this time, significant events included the Battle of Gettysburg, the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln, and the eventual surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. The war resulted in substantial loss of life and led to the eventual abolition of slavery with the 13th Amendment.