Ectomycorrhiza is a type of symbiotic association between certain fungi and the roots of plants, particularly trees. In this relationship, the fungal hyphae envelop the root tips, forming a protective sheath. This interaction enhances nutrient and water absorption for the plant, while the fungus receives carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are crucial for forest ecosystems, as they help trees like pine and oak thrive in nutrient-poor soils. They also improve soil structure and promote biodiversity by connecting various plant species through their extensive underground networks.