Earthquake research involves the study of seismic activity to understand how and why earthquakes occur. Scientists use various tools, such as seismographs, to measure ground movements and analyze data from past earthquakes. This research helps identify patterns and potential risks in different regions. By studying fault lines and the Earth's tectonic plates, researchers aim to improve earthquake prediction and preparedness. They also develop building codes and safety measures to minimize damage during an earthquake. Overall, this research is crucial for protecting lives and infrastructure in earthquake-prone areas.