Earth Systems Theory is an interdisciplinary framework that examines the Earth as a complex system composed of interconnected components. These components include the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, which interact with each other in various ways. This theory helps scientists understand how natural processes and human activities influence the planet's systems and climate. By studying these interactions, Earth Systems Theory provides insights into environmental changes, such as climate change and natural disasters. It emphasizes the importance of viewing the Earth as a whole rather than in isolated parts, allowing for a better understanding of sustainability and ecological balance.