The Earldom of Orkney is a historic title in Scotland, originally established in the 11th century. It encompasses the Orkney Islands, located north of the mainland of Scotland. The earldom was significant during the Viking Age and was ruled by various Norse and Scottish leaders over the centuries. Today, the title is held by the Duke of Edinburgh, a title that has been passed down through the British royal family. The earldom is not only a symbol of nobility but also reflects the rich cultural heritage and history of the Orkney Islands.