ETS transcription factors are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. They bind to specific DNA sequences, influencing the transcription of target genes involved in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The name "ETS" comes from the E26 transformation-specific gene, which was one of the first identified members of this family. These transcription factors are characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain known as the ETS domain. They are involved in numerous cellular functions and are important in development and immune responses. Dysregulation of ETS factors can contribute to various diseases, including cancer, highlighting their significance in cellular biology.