The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capabilities. It is widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, allowing devices to connect to the internet and communicate wirelessly. The chip is popular among hobbyists and developers due to its affordability and ease of use. This versatile module can be programmed using various platforms, including the Arduino IDE, making it accessible for both beginners and experienced programmers. The ESP8266 supports multiple protocols and can be integrated into various projects, such as smart home devices, sensors, and remote monitoring systems.