An ECU (Electronic Control Unit) is a crucial component in modern vehicles, responsible for managing various electronic systems. It processes data from sensors and controls functions such as engine performance, transmission, and safety features. By optimizing these systems, the ECU helps improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. There are different types of ECUs, including the Engine Control Module (ECM), which specifically manages engine functions, and the Transmission Control Module (TCM), which oversees gear shifting. As vehicles become more advanced, the role of ECUs continues to expand, integrating with technologies like advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) for enhanced safety and performance.