Dystopian societies are fictional or theoretical communities characterized by oppressive control, often under a totalitarian regime. These societies typically feature a loss of individual freedoms, widespread surveillance, and harsh punishments for dissent. Common themes include environmental degradation, technological manipulation, and social stratification, where a small elite holds power over the majority. In literature and film, dystopian societies serve as cautionary tales, warning against the potential consequences of unchecked authority and societal neglect. Notable examples include George Orwell's "1984," which explores themes of surveillance and propaganda, and Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World," which examines the impact of consumerism and genetic engineering on human life.