The Dukes of Savoy were a noble family that ruled the region of Savoy, located in the western Alps, from the 11th century until the 19th century. They played a significant role in European politics, expanding their territory and influence through strategic marriages and military conquests. The title of Duke was first established in 1416, and the family became known for their contributions to art, culture, and architecture. In the 19th century, the Dukes of Savoy transitioned into the royal family of Italy when the Kingdom of Sardinia, which they ruled, unified with other states to form modern Italy. The last Duke, Amadeus I, became King of Spain, while his descendants continued to play important roles in European nobility.