The Duke of Lerma, born Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas in 1553, was a prominent Spanish statesman during the reign of King Philip III of Spain. He served as the king's favorite and held the position of chief minister from 1598 to 1618. His influence significantly shaped Spanish politics and policies during this period. Lerma is known for his efforts to centralize power and reduce the influence of the nobility. He also promoted economic reforms and supported the arts, contributing to the cultural development of Spain. However, his administration faced criticism for corruption and mismanagement, leading to his eventual fall from favor.