The Duke of Alva, known as Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, was a prominent Spanish nobleman and military leader during the 16th century. Born in 1507, he played a significant role in the Spanish Empire and is best known for his harsh governance in the Spanish Netherlands. His tenure as governor from 1567 to 1573 was marked by severe repression against Protestantism, which led to widespread unrest. Alva's military strategies were influential in various campaigns, including the Battle of Saint Quentin in 1557. Despite his successes, his brutal methods earned him a notorious reputation, contributing to the rise of resistance against Spanish rule in the region.