Duke Heinrich, also known as Heinrich the Lion, was a prominent medieval ruler in the 12th century. He was the Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, known for his powerful influence and military prowess. Heinrich played a significant role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire and was a key figure in the conflicts between the empire and the papacy. Heinrich was born around 1129 and became Duke in 1142. His reign was marked by territorial expansion and the establishment of cities and trade routes. However, his ambitions led to conflicts with other nobles and the emperor, resulting in his eventual downfall and exile in 1195.