The Duchy of Guelders was a historical region in the northeastern part of present-day Netherlands and parts of Germany. It emerged in the late Middle Ages and became a significant political entity in the 15th century. The duchy was known for its strategic location and rich resources, which contributed to its importance in regional politics. Guelders was ruled by various noble families, including the House of Egmond and the House of Cleves. The duchy played a crucial role in the conflicts between the Habsburgs and the Burgundian Netherlands. Eventually, it was incorporated into the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century, marking the end of its independence.