The Duchy of Florence was a significant Italian state during the Renaissance, established in 1532. It emerged from the earlier Republic of Florence, which was known for its cultural and economic influence. The duchy was ruled by the Medici family, who were prominent patrons of the arts and played a crucial role in the development of Renaissance culture. The duchy lasted until 1737, when the last Medici ruler died without an heir. Following this, the territory was passed to the House of Lorraine. The Duchy of Florence is remembered for its contributions to art, politics, and the rise of humanism during a transformative period in European history.