The Duchy of Normandy was a historical region in northwestern France, established in the 10th century. It was created when the Viking leader Rollo was granted land by the French king Charles the Simple in exchange for protection against further Viking raids. Over time, Normandy became a powerful duchy, known for its rich culture and strategic importance. Normandy is famous for its role in the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, led by William the Conqueror, who was the Duke of Normandy. The duchy played a significant role in medieval European politics and was influential in the development of both French and English history.