Drinfeld modules are algebraic structures that generalize the concept of elliptic curves over finite fields. They are defined as a type of module over a certain ring of polynomials, allowing for the study of arithmetic properties in a more flexible setting. These modules are particularly useful in number theory and algebraic geometry. Developed by Vladimir Drinfeld in the 1970s, Drinfeld modules have applications in areas such as function fields and coding theory. They provide a framework for understanding the behavior of algebraic functions and their interactions with finite fields, leading to significant advancements in the field of arithmetic geometry.