Distortion, or deformation, refers to the alteration of an object's shape or size due to applied forces or environmental conditions. This can occur in various materials, including solids, liquids, and gases, and can result from tension, compression, or shear forces. In engineering and geology, understanding distortion is crucial for assessing the integrity of structures and natural formations. For example, the Earth's crust can experience distortion due to tectonic activity, leading to phenomena such as earthquakes and mountain formation. Similarly, materials like metals can undergo deformation when subjected to stress during manufacturing processes.