Distemper is a serious viral disease that primarily affects dogs but can also impact other animals like ferrets and wildlife. It is caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), which spreads through respiratory secretions, direct contact, or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, coughing, vomiting, and neurological issues, making it a highly concerning illness. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent distemper. Puppies typically receive their first vaccine at around six to eight weeks of age, followed by booster shots. Early detection and supportive care can improve outcomes, but the disease can be fatal, especially in unvaccinated animals.