Distant galaxies are collections of stars, gas, and dust that exist far away from Earth, often billions of light-years away. They are important for understanding the universe's history and evolution. Observing these galaxies helps astronomers learn about the formation of stars and the behavior of cosmic structures over time. Many distant galaxies are seen as they were in the past, due to the time it takes for their light to reach us. Tools like the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope allow scientists to study these galaxies, revealing insights into their composition and the conditions of the early universe.