A disinfectant is a chemical substance used to eliminate or reduce harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on surfaces. Commonly found in households and healthcare settings, disinfectants help maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of infections. They are available in various forms, including sprays, wipes, and liquids. Disinfectants work by disrupting the cellular processes of pathogens, effectively killing or inactivating them. Popular disinfectants include bleach, alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and safety to ensure effectiveness and minimize health risks.