"Discipline and Punish" is a book by Michel Foucault that explores the evolution of social control and punishment from the 18th century to modern times. Foucault examines how societies transitioned from physical punishment to more subtle forms of discipline, emphasizing surveillance and normalization. The book highlights the shift from punishing the body to regulating the mind, illustrating how institutions like prisons, schools, and hospitals enforce conformity. Foucault argues that this change reflects broader societal power dynamics, where control is maintained through discipline rather than overt violence.