Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal analysis technique used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in materials. It helps identify melting points, crystallization temperatures, and other thermal properties by comparing the heat flow of a sample to a reference material as they are heated or cooled. In a typical DSC experiment, a small sample is placed in a pan and heated at a controlled rate. The instrument detects differences in heat flow between the sample and reference, providing valuable information about the material's thermal behavior, stability, and composition, which is essential in fields like materials science and pharmaceuticals.