Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal analysis technique used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in materials. It helps identify changes in physical properties, such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions, by comparing the heat flow of a sample to that of a reference material as they are heated or cooled. In a typical DSC experiment, a small sample is placed in a pan and heated at a controlled rate. The instrument detects differences in heat flow between the sample and reference, providing valuable information about thermal properties, stability, and composition of materials, which is essential in fields like materials science and pharmaceuticals.