Differential relationships refer to the connections between variables that change in relation to one another. In mathematics and statistics, these relationships help to understand how one variable affects another, often expressed through equations or graphs. For example, in calculus, the concept of derivatives illustrates how a function's output changes as its input varies. In social sciences, differential relationships can describe how different factors, such as socioeconomic status or education level, influence outcomes like health or employment. Understanding these relationships allows researchers to identify patterns and make predictions, ultimately aiding in decision-making and policy development.