The Desmond Rebellion refers to a series of conflicts in the late 16th century in Ireland, primarily involving the Earl of Desmond and English forces. The rebellion was driven by the desire of the Gaelic lords to resist English rule and protect their lands and culture. It took place between 1569 and 1583, marking a significant struggle against the expansion of English power in Ireland. The rebellion ultimately ended in defeat for the Desmond forces, leading to the decline of the Desmond dynasty and increased English control over Munster. The aftermath saw widespread confiscation of land and the establishment of English settlements, significantly altering the social and political landscape of Ireland.