Designed systems refer to structured frameworks created to achieve specific goals or functions. These systems can be found in various fields, including engineering, software development, and organizational management. They are characterized by their intentional design, which considers the interactions between different components to optimize performance and efficiency. Examples of designed systems include computer networks, manufacturing processes, and urban planning. Each of these systems is carefully planned to ensure that all parts work together harmoniously. By analyzing and refining these systems, designers can improve outcomes and address challenges effectively.