Demographic changes refer to shifts in the characteristics of a population over time. These changes can include variations in age, gender, race, and ethnicity, as well as factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. For example, many countries are experiencing an aging population, where the proportion of older individuals increases due to longer life expectancies and lower birth rates. These demographic shifts can have significant impacts on society and the economy. For instance, an aging population may lead to increased demand for healthcare services and retirement support. Additionally, changes in migration patterns can influence cultural diversity and workforce availability, affecting areas such as education and housing.