The Democratic Republic of Brazil, commonly known as Brazil, is the largest country in South America and the fifth-largest in the world. It is known for its diverse culture, rich history, and vast natural resources, including the Amazon Rainforest. The capital city is Brasília, while São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are its most populous cities. Brazil operates as a federal republic, with a president serving as both the head of state and government. The country is divided into 26 states and one federal district. Its economy is one of the largest in the world, driven by agriculture, mining, and manufacturing industries.