Delta-Sigma Modulation is a technique used in analog-to-digital conversion that oversamples an input signal. It works by comparing the input signal to a feedback loop, generating a one-bit output that represents the difference between the two. This process allows for high-resolution digital representation of the original analog signal. The key advantage of Delta-Sigma Modulation is its ability to reduce quantization noise, making it ideal for applications like audio processing and digital signal processing. By using noise shaping, it pushes the noise to higher frequencies, allowing for better performance in the desired frequency range.